1455, On us, Your Holiness, do not count on.....

1455 Rome   

Rome, Not quite two years after the Fall of Constantinople, decided the Pope,
the Pope Callixtus III, the Turkish invasion in Europe to cope.

An extensive building program under way in Rome was cancelled
and the money funneled toward a crusade, but his epistles were not answered...

He sent them to England, France, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, and Aragon,
to preach the Crusade, but all gave the same answer,

                                                              ["on us, Your Holiness, do not count on.."

          

1455 Albania



Albania... Τhe area was part of the Serbian Empire,
but when the last Romans were subjugated and enslaved by sword and fire,
it passed on with the others to the Ottoman Empire....

The League of Lezhë under the rule
of George Skanderbeg (was named a national hero at school)
regained control of their territories....
The bravery of the men lead to legends and stories...

1455 France 
    


France Twenty-five years after the execution of Joan of Arc, an inquisitorial Court
pronounced her innocent and concluded that she was a victim tort...

Joan, nicknamed, "The Maid of Orleans", with her support, France was freed
                                                                                          [from English domination     
late in the Hundred Year War, and she became the greatest heroine
                                                                                              [of the French nation.     

She was captured at Compiègne by the Burgundian faction
and handed over to the English.... clearly a political action....

Then put on trail with a variety of charges and later burned at the stake.....
All would have remorse for this death sentence for this mistake....

                         
Now Joan of Arc is one of the nine secondary patron saints of France,
and in Rouen, in the place of sacrifice, every passerby stops

                                                                          [in a near religious trance....     

 1455 England              

                                  

   
Between the hundred year war, and the one against the Boers,
took place the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars,
for the throne of England, between the Houses of Lancaster and York..

Years ago I saw a film about it, I think that in it starred Mikey Rourke.

                                                                                to be continued

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* ''COULD IT BE OTHERWISE ? in verse''  
Texts and Narration: Odysseus Heavilayias - ROTTERDAM //

Language adjustments and text adaptation: Kellene G Safis - CHICAGO//
Digital adaptation and text editing: Cathy Rapakoulia Mataraga - PIRAEUS//

_______________________________________________________________



*"Calistus III" Alfons de Borja was born in La Torreta in 1378. La Torreta was at the time in the Señorío de Torre de Canals but now a neighborhood of Canals in Valencia.[2] At the time he was born in the Kingdom of Valencia under the Crown of Aragon.

He was the son of Domingo de Borja and Francina Llançol. He was the eldest child and his siblings were Isabel, Juana, Catalina and Francisca. He was baptized at Saint Mary's Basilica in Xativa, where he is now honored with a statue in his memory.

*The Maid of Orléans... The court declared her innocent on 7 July 1456 by annulling her sentence. They declared that Joan had been tried as a result of 'false articles of accusation'. Those articles and Cauchon's sentence were to be torn out of a copy of the proceedings and burnt by the public executioner at Rouen.The Archbishop of Rheims read out the appellate court's verdict: "In consideration of the request of the d'Arc family against the Bishop of Beauvais, the promoter of criminal proceedings, and the inquisitor of Rouen... in consideration of the facts.... We, in session of our court and having God only before our eyes, say, pronounce, decree and declare that the said trial and sentence (of condemnation) being tainted with fraud (dolus malus), calumny, iniquity and contradiction, and manifest errors of fact and of law... to have been and to be null, invalid, worthless, without effect and annihilated... We proclaim that Joan did not contract any taint of infamy and that she shall be and is washed clean of such".

Joan's elderly mother lived to see the final verdict announced, and was present when the city of Orleans celebrated the event by giving a banquet for Inquisitor Bréhal on 27 July 1456. Although Isabelle's request for punishment against the tribunal members did not materialize, nonetheless the appellate verdict cleared her daughter of the charges that had hung over her name for twenty-five years.

Saint Joan of Arc, The Maid of Orléans (French: Jeanne d'Arc) is a recognized saint of the Roman Catholic Church. Although she was excommunicated and burnt at the stake for heresy by local officials in 1431, central Church officials would later nullify her excommunication, declaring her a martyr unjustly executed for a secular vendetta. Her legend would grow from there, leading to her beatification in 1909 and her canonization in 1920.

 ELEGHOS... at history